在写作考试中，考生常会遇到以谚语或警句为标题的作文，如「Failure is the mother of success」，「well begun is half done」，「Where there is a will，there is a way」。对此类文章，可以参考以下模式：

第 1 段：（开门见山引出谚语，并对其进行解释）A famous saying goes，...It means... /...is a proverb which means...

第 2 段：（例 1）For example，... /It goes without saying that.../It is know to all that...

第 3 段：（例 2）Another example is that... /...is also true of...（例 1 和例 2 还可用正反两方面的例子。）

第 4 段：结束语

还有一类文章要求说明解决问题的方法，如「怎样充分利用时间」，「怎样克服学习中碰到的困难」，「怎样保护环境」等。对此类文章，可以参考以下模式：

第 1 段：简述要讨论的某种现象或简述问题的起因。

第 2 段：Many ways can be used to solve （contribute to solving）this serious problem，but the following ones may be effective.

第 3 段：First of all，...Besides，... /Another way to solve the problem of... is... Finally，...

第 4 段：From my experience，I feel there is no shortcut in doing everything. /Maybe these are not the best or only measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take strong actions to/take great pains to...

2 说明文的写作方法

1.定义说明文

定义说明文是通过揭示概念的内涵或下定义的方式来明确概念的写作方法。

例文

Patriotism

Patriotism is love of one’s country. It is an essential element of the existence of a nation, and yet it is one of the most sacred emotions.

Patriotism, in other words, is the fulfillment of one’s duty. The readiness to die in the cause of the nation is patriotism for soldiers. The working for the good of the country is patriotism for statesmen and good citizens. Generally speaking, patriotism for everybody is to maintain the honor and integrity of the motherland. It is the easiest and most effective measure for the people to take to make one’s country strong and prosperous, with advanced industry,agriculture and national defense. In short, the true patriot desires righteousness and uprightness for one’s own land. He puts love of country before love of oneself, and is willing to make any sacrifice for the common good.

2.对比说明文

对比说明文是一种通过对两种事物或一种事物的两个方面进行对比或比较，找出其共同点或不同之处的写作手法。

例文

Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports

Sports benefit us in many respects. Vigorous sporting activities help us train our bodies to be healthy and efficient. At the same time, physical fitness contributes to mental well-being. Another major contribution sports make is a social one: through participation in team games, we learn how to cooperate with other members in a team and to become optimistic in the face of challenges.

But sports can be harmful, too. Some people are reckless and train too hard, sometimes even get sick or injured. Also, there are players who are not mentally prepared for failure. If their team loses, they blame the other team members, and develop the habit of mistrusting other people. Thus, their participation in sports makes them unpleasant.