《薛定谔之猫》内容简介日本陆军大将特高课土肥原一郎领导两名物理学家和一名生物学家，在伪满国远山深处建立了一个秘密部队“九日研究所”，用来进行“合体人”研究试验，实验品则是当时的中国战俘。 就在试验秘密进行之时，远山战俘营突然发生中国战俘越狱逃亡事件！以雷子为首的八名战俘成功逃出日军战俘营，进入了战俘营旁巨大的原始森林山脉。战俘怀着喜悦和对未知前途的忐忑，在森林中不断深入，可迎接他们的却是一系列诡异的遭遇：没有活物的环境；异常漫长的白昼与黑夜；沉满腐尸的水潭；潜伏在身边的吸血怪物；以及一个不应该出现在原始森林中，却又确实存在的神秘机构…… 战俘营伪军军官邵德带领几个日军士官和一个排的伪军紧随其后进入这片森林，所遭遇到的各种奇怪现象也接踵而来：士兵接二连三地离奇死亡并凭空消失；神出鬼没食人肉的鬼娃娃……更为骇人的发现是——上千个战俘被浸泡在玻璃容器里！ 在追捕过程中，邵德发现整个战俘逃亡事件与三年前同样发生在战俘营的另一起事件竟惊人般的雷同！并近乎绝望地察觉到自己和这一切有着千丝万缕的联系。甚至自己与正被追捕的战俘雷子，和三年前同样逃出战俘营的战俘曹正等人正在慢慢重合…

One can even set up quite ridiculous cases. A cat is penned up in a steel chamber, along with the following device (which must be secured against direct interference by the cat): in a Geiger counter there is a tiny bit of radioactive substance, so small, that perhaps in the course of the hour one of the atoms decays, but also, with equal probability, perhaps none; if it happens, the counter tube discharges and through a relay releases a hammer which shatters a small flask of hydrocyanic acid. If one has left this entire system to itself for an hour, one would say that the cat still lives if meanwhile no atom has decayed. The psi-function of the entire system would express this by having in it the living and dead cat (pardon the expression) mixed or smeared out in equal parts.
It is typical of these cases that an indeterminacy originally restricted to the atomic domain becomes transformed into macroscopic indeterminacy, which can then be resolved by direct observation. That prevents us from so naively accepting as valid a "blurred model" for representing reality. In itself it would not embody anything unclear or contradictory. There is a difference between a shaky or out-of-focus photograph and a snapshot of clouds and fog banks.
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An illustration of both states, a dead and living cat. According to quantum theory, after an hour the cat is in a quantum superposition of coexisting alive and dead states. Yet when we look in the box we expect to only see one of the states, not a mixture of them.
The experiment must be shielded from the environment to prevent quantum decoherence from inducing wavefunction collapse.
A Parody of the Schrödinger cat using lolcat style of humor.The above text is a translation of two paragraphs from within a much larger original article, which appeared in the German magazine Naturwissenschaften ("Natural Sciences") in 1935.[2] It was intended as a discussion of the EPR article published by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen in the same year. Apart from introducing the cat, Schrödinger also coined the term "entanglement" (German: Verschränkung) in his article.
Schrödinger's famous Gedankenexperiment poses the question: when does a quantum system stop existing as a mixture of states and become one or the other? (More technically, when does the actual quantum state stop being a linear combination of states, each of which resemble different classical states, and instead begin to have a unique classical description?) If the cat survives, it remembers only being alive. But explanations of the EPR experiments that are consistent with standard microscopic quantum mechanics require that macroscopic objects, such as cats and notebooks, do not always have unique classical descriptions. The purpose of the thought experiment is to illustrate this apparent paradox: our intuition says that no observer can be in a mixture of states, yet it seems cats can be such a mixture. Are cats required to be observers, or does their existence in a single well-defined classical state require another external observer? Each alternative seemed absurd to Albert Einstein, who was impressed by the ability of the thought experiment to highlight these issues; in a letter to Schrödinger dated 1950 he wrote:
You are the only contemporary physicist, besides Laue, who sees that one cannot get around the assumption of reality--if only one is honest. Most of them simply do not see what sort of risky game they are playing with reality--reality as something independent of what is experimentally established. Their interpretation is, however, refuted most elegantly by your system of radioactive atom + amplifier + charge of gun powder + cat in a box, in which the psi-function of the system contains both the cat alive and blown to bits. Nobody really doubts that the presence or absence of the cat is something independent of the act of observation.
But perhaps it was inevitable that Einstein would be impressed with Schrödinger's cat—Einstein had previously suggested to Schrödinger a similar paradox involving an unstable keg of gunpowder, instead of a cat. Schrödinger had taken the next step of applying quantum mechanics to an entity that may or may not be conscious, to further illustrate the putative incompleteness of quantum mechanics.
薛定谔的猫是奥地利物理学家埃尔温·薛定谔试图证明量子力学在宏观条件下的不完备性而提出的一个思想实验。实验内容如下：
把一只猫放进一个封闭的盒子里，然后把这个盒子连接到一个包含一个放射性原子核和一个装有有毒气体的容器的实验装置。设想这个放射性原子核在一个小时内有50％的可能性发生衰变。如果发生衰变，它将会发射出一个粒子，而发射出的这个粒子将会触发这个实验装置，打开装有毒气的容器，从而杀死这只猫。根据量子力学，未进行观察时，这个原子核处于已衰变和未衰变的叠加态，但是，如果在一个小时后把盒子打开，实验者只能看到“衰变的原子核和死猫”或者“未衰变的原子核和活猫”两种情况。
现在的问题是：这个系统从什么时候开始不再处于两种不同状态的叠加态而成为其中的一种？在打开盒子观察以前，这只猫是死了还是活着抑或半死半活？这个实验的原意是想说明，如果不能对波函数塌缩以及对这只猫所处的状态给出一个合理解释的话，量子力学本身是不完备的。
这个思想实验的意义是，将量子理论从微观领域带到了宏观领域，而导出和一般常识相冲突的结果。根据哥本哈根学派的解释，当观察者未打开盒子之前，猫处于一种“半死半活”的状态，该状态可以用一个波函数来描述，而波函数可由薛定谔方程解出。一旦观察者打开盒子观察，波函数会坍塌(Collapse)，猫呈现在观察者面前的只会是“生”或“死”的状态之一。这导致了对世界客观性和人意识的作用的讨论。
根据多世界理论，当观察者打开盒子的一刻，世界会分裂成多个世界，而观察者只能进入众多的世界其中的一个，而观察结果就因此只有一个，猫是“生”或“死”。而在其他世界里猫的状态会由薛定谔方程决定。其生存的概率越大，猫幸存下来而处于其中的世界的数目就越多。